INTRODUCTION:

Since 18^th century scientist were trying to make an arrangement of elements, which should base on scientific principle. Periodic table firstly proposed by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleyev. His periodic table was published in an obscure Russian journal. In his periodic table the position of hydrogen element is not decided exactly. Soon in 1911 Henry Moseley arranged the elements according to increasing atomic number. His table is known as modern periodic table and is accepted by I.U.P.A.C. but the major disadvantage of his periodic table is that hydrogen is taking three places in periodic table. Hydrogen is more difficult to place in a group it could be included in group-I because it has one S-electron in its outer shell is univalent and commonly forms univalent positive ions, however hydrogen is not a metal and is a gas whilst Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs are metals and are solids. Similarly, hydrogen could be included in group-17 because it is one electron short of a complete shell or in group-14 because its outer shell is half full. Hydrogen does not resemble the alkali metals the halogen or group-14 very closely. Hydrogen atoms are extremely small and gave a unique properties thus there is a case for placing hydrogen in a group of its own.¹

The formation of uni positive ion H⁺ (or H₃O⁺) suggests that hydrogen should be classed with alkali metals in the periodic table. On the other hand the formations of hydride ion might suggest an analogy with the halogens such attempts at classification of hydrogen with other elements can be misleading.²

There are four possible positions for hydrogen:

1. In group 1 element above Li, because it forms H⁺ ions.

2. In group 17 elements above F because it forms H^- ions.

3. Above and between boron and carbon because it is of intermediate electro negativity.

4. in the top middle, because nowhere else in ideal.³

In this paper author is giving the probable position to hydrogen element.

The points of Periodic Table:

1. Position for hydrogen element.

2. F-Block elements are place in the periodic.

3. The periodic table is in vertical form so it becomes easy to understand Soddy and Fazan law of group displacement.

4. Author is proposing a new law of group displacement for universal periodic table.

5. In suggested periodic table the diagonal relationship is same as in the modern periodic table which conforms the elements exact position.

Material:

The main objective of studied to give one position to hydrogen element and proposing law of group displacement for universal periodic table.

Material is containing justification of the placement:

1. Position of Hydrogen. Element- Hydrogen is place in its own group the study says that hydrogen is the one and only element which has no number of neutrons in its nucleus. Hydrogen contain three isotopes – protium H¹₁, Deuterium H¹₂ or D and Tririum H¹₃ or T. each three isotopes contain one proton and 0, 1, 2 neutron respectively in the nucleus.¹

KALYAN JYOTI PERIODIC TABLE:

Methodology – the method is based on study by using different references.

If the elements are arranged in group which have the same outer electronic arrangement, then elements within a group should similarities in chemical and physical properties.¹ but it is difficult for hydrogen because

i. Hydrogen is a gas element, ii. Hydrogen has no neutron.

Hydrogen atoms are extremely small and have unique properties. Thus there is a case for placing hydrogen in a group on its own.¹ because there is no neutron in hydrogen it is subject to give a group of its own. The lack pf neutron in hydrogen.⁴ The elements have same atomic number and atomic mass author giving term EQUINOMA as they have equal number of atomic number and atomic mass and I am predicting that if there will any element will discover in which there is no number of neutron in its nucleus it will place on its group with hydrogen.

2. F-Block elements are place in the main body of periodic table – the periodic table is usually exhibited in book and on posters in compressed form with f-block “rare earths” separated away from the S-block, P-block and D-block elements. However the compression used introduces the well known problem known as a “fence post error” the effect is that – La and Ac moves from f-block to d- block. Lu and Lr. Moves from p-block to f-block. Interestingly the I.U.P.A.C. Periodic table separates out 15 lanthanides, La-Lu and 15 actinides, Ac-Lr by leaving gaps in period 3 under Sc and Y.³ The f-block is separated from the main body and placed at the bottom of the table. To overcome the fence post error, the f-block is placed in the main body of the proposed periodic table.

3. The proposed Periodic Table is in vertical form- so it becomes easy to understand Soddy and Fazan law of group displacement. Modern periodic table is in horizontal view means the numbers are in the increasing form from left hand side to right hand side of the table. It is known that table is in horizontal form because of the Soddy and Fazan law of group displacement. It is now difficult to create new law for group displacement as in present there are so many periodic tables are proposed. Authors proposing a new law of group displacement for universal periodic table this is applicable for all periodic tables and named as Law of group displacement for universal periodic table.

It states: “When an alpha particle is emitted in a radioactive change the product is placed two lower than its parent element the position of the product element is depend on the arrangement of the periodic table that is the atomic number two less than that of its parent and emission of the beta particle results in a displacement of one place to the higher that is the atomic number one higher than of its parent element the position of the product element is depends on the arrangement of the periodic table”

With the help of this law we can easily predict the position of the product element after the emission in any periodic table

The Law of the proposed Periodic table –

The physical and chemical properties of the elements are the periodic functions of their atomic number.

RESULT:

1. In the proposed Periodic table Hydrogen is placed on its own group.

2. Proposing a new law of group displacement for universal periodic table.

3. It is easier than modern periodic table.

4. The proposed periodic table solves the fence post error.

5. The proposed periodic table is in vertical form.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

I thankful to Dr. Kalyandas Sharma for providing me library facilities and also to Mrs. Jyoti Kalyandas Sharma for providing me commercial support during research work.

REFERENCES:

1. JD Lee, concise Inorganic Chemistry 5^th edition pg. no. 27, 240 to 241 and 245.

2. F Albert cotton and Geoffrey Wilkinson F.R.S., Advanced Inorganic Chemistry. A comprehensive text book, third edition, completely revised from the original literature published by H.S. Poplai for wiley eastern limited, 4835/245/ansari road, daryaganj – 110022 pg. no- 182 to 183.

3. http://www.meta-synthesis.com/webbook/35-pt/pt.html.

4. http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/chem99/chem/99057.htm

Received on 24.11.2009 Modified on 19.01.2010

Asian J. Research Chem. 3(2): April- June 2010; Page 324-325